Roman lead ingots from Macedonia—the Augustan shipwreck of Comacchio (prov. Ferrara, Italy) and the reinterpretation of its lead ingots’ provenance deduced from lead isotope analysis

Abstract A shipwreck of the 3rd/2nd decade BC found near Comacchio (prov. Ferrara, Italy) in 1980 contained not only well-preserved technical equipment and commercial goods but also 102 Roman lead ingots. Since then, origin ingots has been intensively discussed. Domergue et al. (2012) connected epigraphic elements with isotope analyses favored southeastern Spanish ore mines being source metal. An from Balkan region (Illyricum) was by Dušanić (2008). Due to our investigations, both assumptions cannot be maintained. We present a new interpretation lead’s signature which best match data deposits Chalkidiki, Thasos island, Pangaion mountains northern Aegean region.